Problem Statement

Keyence has a culture of addressing everyone with the honorific "san," regardless of their role, age, or position. Even a new employee would call the president "Nakata-san." [Translator's note: this is a bit unusual in Japan.]

You are given a person's surname and first name as strings S and T, respectively.

Print the concatenation of the surname, a space ( ), and the honorific (san) in this order.

Constraints

• Each of S and T is a string that satisfies the following conditions.
  • The length is between 1 and 10, inclusive.
  • The first character is an uppercase English letter.
  • All characters except the first one are lowercase English letters.

Sample Input 1

Takahashi Chokudai

Sample Output 1

Takahashi san

Print the concatenation of the surname (Takahashi), a space ( ), and the honorific (san) in this order.

Sample Input 2

K Eyence

Sample Output 2

K san

Problem Statement

Keyence has N bases worldwide, numbered 1 to N. Base i has W_i employees, and at 0 o'clock in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), it is X_i o'clock at base i.

You want to hold a one-hour meeting across the entire company. Each employee can only participate in the meeting if the meeting time is completely within the 9:00-18:00 time slot at their base. Find the maximum number of employees who can participate when deciding the meeting time to allow as many employees as possible to participate.

Constraints

• 1\leq N \leq 1000
• 1\leq W_i \leq 10^6
• 0\leq X_i < 24
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

3
5 0
3 3
2 18

Sample Output 1

8

Consider holding the meeting from 14:00 to 15:00 in UTC.

• The meeting is held from 14:00 to 15:00 at base 1, so the 5 employees at base 1 can participate in the meeting.
• The meeting is held from 17:00 to 18:00 at base 2, so the 3 employees at base 2 can participate in the meeting.
• The meeting is held from 8:00 to 9:00 at base 3, so the 2 employees at base 3 cannot participate in the meeting.

Thus, a total of 5+3=8 employees can participate in the meeting. No meeting time allows more employees to participate.

Sample Input 2

2
1 10
1000000 20

Sample Output 2

1000000

Sample Input 3

6
31 3
20 8
11 5
4 3
47 14
1 18

Sample Output 3

67

Problem Statement

There are zero or more sensors placed on a grid of H rows and W columns. Let (i, j) denote the square in the i-th row from the top and the j-th column from the left.
Whether each square contains a sensor is given by the strings S_1, S_2, \ldots, S_H, each of length W. (i, j) contains a sensor if and only if the j-th character of S_i is #.
These sensors interact with other sensors in the squares horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent to them and operate as one sensor. Here, a cell (x, y) and a cell (x', y') are said to be horizontally, vertically, or diagonally adjacent if and only if \max(|x-x'|,|y-y'|) = 1.
Note that if sensor A interacts with sensor B and sensor A interacts with sensor C, then sensor B and sensor C also interact.

Considering the interacting sensors as one sensor, find the number of sensors on this grid.

Constraints

• 1 \leq H, W \leq 1000
• H and W are integers.
• S_i is a string of length W where each character is # or ..

Sample Input 1

5 6
.##...
...#..
....##
#.#...
..#...

Sample Output 1

3

When considering the interacting sensors as one sensor, the following three sensors exist:

• The interacting sensors at (1,2),(1,3),(2,4),(3,5),(3,6)
• The sensor at (4,1)
• The interacting sensors at (4,3),(5,3)

Sample Input 2

3 3
#.#
.#.
#.#

Sample Output 2

1

Sample Input 3

4 2
..
..
..
..

Sample Output 3

0

Sample Input 4

5 47
.#..#..#####..#...#..#####..#...#...###...#####
.#.#...#.......#.#...#......##..#..#...#..#....
.##....#####....#....#####..#.#.#..#......#####
.#.#...#........#....#......#..##..#...#..#....
.#..#..#####....#....#####..#...#...###...#####

Sample Output 4

7

Problem Statement

There are N products labeled 1 to N flowing on a conveyor belt. A Keyence printer is attached to the conveyor belt, and product i enters the range of the printer T_i microseconds from now and leaves it D_i microseconds later.

The Keyence printer can instantly print on one product within the range of the printer (in particular, it is possible to print at the moment the product enters or leaves the range of the printer). However, after printing once, it requires a charge time of 1 microseconds before it can print again. What is the maximum number of products the printer can print on when the product and timing for the printer to print are chosen optimally?

Constraints

• 1\leq N \leq 2\times 10^5
• 1\leq T_i,D_i \leq 10^{18}
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

5
1 1
1 1
2 1
1 2
1 4

Sample Output 1

4

Below, we will simply call the moment t microseconds from now time t.

For example, you can print on four products as follows:

• Time 1 : Products 1,2,4,5 enter the range of the printer. Print on product 4.
• Time 2 : Product 3 enters the range of the printer, and products 1,2 leave the range of the printer. Print on product 1.
• Time 3 : Products 3,4 leave the range of the printer. Print on product 3.
• Time 4.5 : Print on product 5.
• Time 5 : Product 5 leaves the range of the printer.

It is impossible to print on all five products, so the answer is 4.

Sample Input 2

2
1 1
1000000000000000000 1000000000000000000

Sample Output 2

2

Sample Input 3

10
4 1
1 2
1 4
3 2
5 1
5 1
4 1
2 1
4 1
2 4

Sample Output 3

6

Problem Statement

There are N cities in a certain country.
You will travel from your office in city 1 to a destination in city N, via zero or more cities.
Two types of transportation are available: company car and train. The time required to travel from city i to city j is as follows:

• D_{i,j} \times A minutes by company car, and
• D_{i,j} \times B + C minutes by train.

You can switch from company car to train, but not vice versa.
You can do so without spending time, but only in a city.

What is the minimum time in minutes to travel from city 1 to city N?

Constraints

• 2 \leq N \leq 1000
• 1 \leq A, B, C \leq 10^6
• D_{i,j} \leq 10^6
• D_{i,i} = 0
• D_{i,j} = D_{j,i} > 0 (i \neq j)
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

4 8 5 13
0 6 2 15
6 0 3 5
2 3 0 13
15 5 13 0

Sample Output 1

78

You can travel from city 1 to city 4 in a total of 78 minutes by moving as follows.

• Travel by company car from city 1 to city 3. This takes 2 \times 8 = 16 minutes.
• Travel by company car from city 3 to city 2. This takes 3 \times 8 = 24 minutes.
• Travel by train from city 2 to city 4. This takes 5 \times 5 + 13 = 38 minutes.

It is impossible to travel from city 1 to city 4 in less than 78 minutes.

Sample Input 2

3 1 1000000 1000000
0 10 1
10 0 10
1 10 0

Sample Output 2

1

Sample Input 3

5 954257 954213 814214
0 84251 214529 10017 373342
84251 0 91926 32336 164457
214529 91926 0 108914 57762
10017 32336 108914 0 234705
373342 164457 57762 234705 0

Sample Output 3

168604826785

Problem Statement

As the factory manager of Keyence, you want to monitor several sections on a conveyor belt. There are a total of N sections you want to monitor, and the length of the i-th section is D_i meters.

There are two types of sensors to choose from, and below is some information about each sensor.

• Type-j sensor (1\leq j \leq 2): Can monitor a section of length L_j meters. The price is C_j per sensor, and you can use at most K_j sensors of this type in total.

You can divide one section into several sections for monitoring. It is fine if the sections monitored by the sensors overlap, or if they monitor more than the length of the section you want to monitor. For example, when L_1=4 and L_2=2, you can use one type-1 sensor to monitor a section of length 3 meters, or use one type-1 and one type-2 sensor to monitor a section of length 5 meters.

Determine whether it is possible to monitor all N sections, and if it is possible, find the minimum total cost of the necessary sensors.

Constraints

• 1\leq N \leq 100
• 1\leq D_i,L_j \leq 10^5
• 1\leq C_j \leq 10^9
• 1\leq K_j \leq 10^3
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

3
3 5 10
4 3 3
2 2 6

Sample Output 1

17

You can monitor all sections by using three type-1 sensors and four type-2 sensors as follows.

• Use one type-1 sensor to monitor the first section.
• Use one type-1 and one type-2 sensor to monitor the second section.
• Use one type-1 and three type-2 sensors to monitor the third section.

In this case, the total cost of the necessary sensors is 3\times 3 + 2\times 4 = 17, which is the minimum.

Sample Input 2

3
3 5 10
4 3 3
2 2 3

Sample Output 2

-1

Sample Input 3

2
4 8
3 1 100
4 10000 100

Sample Output 3

5

It is fine if one type of sensor is not used at all.

Problem Statement

You are given a string S. Find the minimum length of a string that can be obtained by performing the following operation on the string S zero or more times.

• Choose a contiguous occurrence of of in the string and an integer i between 0 and K, inclusive. Then, remove the of and the following i characters from the string.

Constraints

• 0 \leq K < |S| \leq 300
• K is an integer.
• S is a string consisting of lowercase English letters.

Sample Input 1

keyofscience
3

Sample Output 1

7

By choosing the of formed by the fourth and fifth characters and setting i = 3, you can remove ofsci from keyofscience and get keyence.
It is impossible to reduce the length of the string to 6 or less by repeating the operation, so the answer is 7.

Sample Input 2

oofsifffence
3

Sample Output 2

2

Sample Input 3

ooofff
5

Sample Output 3

0

Sample Input 4

okeyencef
4

Sample Output 4

9